The age of great cities
or, Modern civilization viewed in its relation to intelligence, morals and religion
Considerable portions of the present volume consist of thoughts that were committed to writing several years since, and with some view to publication. Two smaller works, recently published by the Author,* bear some relation to the general subject of this treatise; but with the exception of thoughts or passages which recur in some eight or ten of the ensuing pages, the present volume is throughout distinct from its predecessors, its object being of a much wider range, and the topics in- vestigated as relating to that object being of a more general nature.
The two preceding treatises, and the present, contain the views which the Author has been desirous of submitting to the public in regard to the Characteristics and Tendencies of Modern Society. It may be proper, also, to state, that while the author has endeavoured to think for himself with regard to the whole subject before him, he has not failed to give his best attention to many valuable works relating to it,
Considerable portions of the present volume consist of thoughts that were committed to writing several years since, and with some view to publication. Two smaller works, recently published by the Author,* bear some relation to the general subject of this treatise; but with the exception of thoughts or passages which recur in some eight or ten of the ensuing pages, the present volume is throughout distinct from its predecessors, its object being of a much wider range, and the topics in- vestigated as relating to that object being of a more general nature.
The two preceding treatises, and the present, contain the views which the Author has been desirous of submitting to the public in regard to the Characteristics and Tendencies of Modern Society. It may be proper, also, to state, that while the author has endeavoured to think for himself with regard to the whole subject before him, he has not failed to give his best attention to many valuable works relating to it from some of which his own thoughts have probably derived colouring and impression.
But it is due to himself to add, that in calling to mind, from this point, the books which he has read, and the opinions which he has expressed, he is not sensible of any obligation to other men requiring from him more acknowledgement than he has made. The occasion and object of the present publication being the subject of its first chapter, a matter which •might otherwise have been appropriate in a preface will be found in that part of the work itself.
Contents:
CHAPTER I. ON THE OCCASION AND OBJECT OF THE PRESENT WORK.
Section I. — On the Conflict between Feudalism and Civilization in Modern Society 1
Section II. — On the Interests affected by the Conflict between
Feudalism and Civilization added on the Design of the Present Work in relation to that Subject 7
Feudalism and Civilization added on the Design of the Present Work in relation to that Subject 7
CHAPTER II.
ON THE SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GREAT CITIES IN ANCIENT AND MODERN TIMES.
Section I.— On the Great Cities of Ancient Asia 11
Section II. — On the Great Cities in Ancient Europe. — Greece. 22
Section III. — On the Great Cities in Ancient Europe. — Rome . 39
Section IV. — On the Great Cities in Modern Europe 57
CHAPTER III.
ON THE TENDENCIES IN MODERN SOCIETY TOWARDS THE FORMATION OF GREAT CITIES.
Section I. — On the Extinction of Domestic Slavery in Europe, and
on the Social Progress indicated in that Event 64
on the Social Progress indicated in that Event 64
Section II.— On the Estimate of the Character of Women in Mo-
dern as compared with Ancient Times, and on its Social In-
fluence 68
dern as compared with Ancient Times, and on its Social In-
fluence 68
Section III. — On the Principle of the Protestant Reformation, and
on its Relation to the Progress of Society 72
Section IV. — On the Printing-Press, and on its Place among the
Means of Social Improvement 78
Section V.— On the Conjoint Influence of the preceding Causes in
respect to the Age of Great Cities 85
respect to the Age of Great Cities 85
Section VL — On the Question — Will Modern Civilization be Perpetuated? 88
CHAPTER IV.
ON GREAT CITIES IN THEIR RELATION TO SCIENCE, ART, AND LITERATURE.
Section I. — On Great Cities in their Relation to the Designs of Providence 101
Section II. — On Great Cities in their Relation to Physical Science 108
Section IIL — On Great Cities in their Relation to Political Science 116
Section IV. — On Great Cities in their Relation to Art .... 130
Section V. — On Great Cities in their Relation to Literature . . 136
CHAPTER V.
ON THE AGE OF GREAT CITIES IN RELATION TO
POPULAR INTELLIGENCE.
POPULAR INTELLIGENCE.
Section I. — On Association in Great Cities in its Influence on
Popular Intelligence 146
Popular Intelligence 146
Section IL — On Commerce and Manufactures in their Influence
on Popular Intelligence 158
on Popular Intelligence 158
Section IIL — On the State of Popular Education in Agricultural
Districts 162
Section IV. — On the State of Popular Education in Mining Districts 168
Section V. — On the State of Popular Education in Towns and in
Manufacturing Districts 175
Manufacturing Districts 175
Section VI. — On the Comparative State of Popular Education in
Great Britain, on the Continent, and in the United States . . 179
Great Britain, on the Continent, and in the United States . . 179
Section VIL — On the Means of promoting Popular Education, and
on the Prussian System in Relation to that Object . . . .188
on the Prussian System in Relation to that Object . . . .188
CHAPTER VL
ON GREAT CITIES IN THEIR RELATION TO MORALS.
Section I. — On the State of Society in Great Cities as including
Tendencies Unfavourable to Morality 221
Tendencies Unfavourable to Morality 221
Section II On the Morality of Rural Districts 239
Section III. — On the Conviction of Offenders, considered as Evidence of Social Immorality 250
Section IV. — On the Presumption that the State of Society in
Great Cities must be Favourable to Morality, from its Relation
to Intelligence 254
Great Cities must be Favourable to Morality, from its Relation
to Intelligence 254
Section V. — On the Presumption that the Manufacturing System
must be Favourable to Morals, from its Accordance with the
Laws of Providence 256
must be Favourable to Morals, from its Accordance with the
Laws of Providence 256
Section VI. — On the Notion that the Commercial Spirit is un-
friendly to Patriotism 261
friendly to Patriotism 261
Section VII. — On the Real Danger to Patriotism in the Condition
of Modern Society 266
of Modern Society 266
Section VIII. — On the Connexion between the State of Society in
Great Cities and the Morality of Law, Order, and Liberty . . 269
Great Cities and the Morality of Law, Order, and Liberty . . 269
Section IX. — On the Freedom of the Press, in its Relation to
Great Cities, and to Morality 274
Great Cities, and to Morality 274
Section X. — On the Less Permanent Nature of the Social Relations
in Modern Society, and on its Moral Influence 280
in Modern Society, and on its Moral Influence 280
Section XI. — On the Estimate of Wealth in the Commercial States. 293
Section XII. — On the Moral Influence Peculiar to Great Cities as
Opposed to the Vices Peculiar to them 296
Opposed to the Vices Peculiar to them 296
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