Beyond Good and evil (1917)
In Beyond Good and Evil, Nietzsche accuses past philosophers of lacking critical sense and blindly accepting dogmatic premises in their consideration of morality. Specifically, he accuses them of founding grand metaphysical systems upon the faith that the good man is the opposite of the evil man, rather than just a different expression of the same basic impulses that find more direct expression in the evil man.
The work moves into the realm "beyond good and evil" in the sense of leaving behind the traditional morality which Nietzsche subjects to a destructive critique in favour of what he regards as an affirmative approach that fearlessly confronts the perspectival nature of knowledge and the perilous condition of the modern individual.
No philosopher since Kant has left so undeniably an imprint on modem thought as Friedrich Nietzsche. Even Schopenhauer, whose influence coloured the greater part of Europe, made no such widespread impression. Not only in ethics and literature do we find the moulding hand of Nietzsche at work, invigorating and solidifying; but in pedagogics £ind in art, politics, and religion, the influence of his doctrines is to be encountered.
The facts relating to Nietzsche's life are few and simple. -He was born at Rodin, a little village in the Prussian province of Saxony, on October 15, 1844; and it is an interesting paradox that this most terrible and devastating critic of Christianity and its ideals was the culmination of two long collateral lines of theologians. There were two other children in the Nietzsche household — a girl born in 1846, and a son born in 1850.
The girl was named Therese Elizabeth Alexandra, and afterwards, 5he became the philosopher's closest companion and guardian and his most voluminous biographer. The boy, Joseph, did not survive his first year.
When Nietzsche's father died the family moved to Naumburg; and Friedrich, then only six years old, was sent to a local Municipal Boys' School. Later he was withdrawn and entered a private institution that prepared the younger students for the Cathedral Grammar School. After a few years here Nietzsche successfully passed his examinations for the well-known Landes-Schule at Pforta, where he remained until 1864, enrolling the following term at the University of Bonn.
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